Scientists at the University of Sydney, led by Tian Du, found that cobra venom targets a molecule called heparan sulfate on the surface of human cells. Heparin, which is naturally produced by certain immune cells and is widely used in medicine, can block this harmful interaction. In laboratory tests involving venom from the red spitting cobra (Naja pallida) and black-necked spitting cobra (Naja nigricollis), researchers found that adding heparin to human skin and blood cells significantly reduced cell death. Similar protective results were observed in mouse models, where heparin decreased the risk of tissue necrosis.
This discovery suggests that heparin could serve as a broad-spectrum treatment for various types of cobra bites. One major advantage of heparin is its stability at room temperature, making it a practical candidate for emergency treatment—possibly even via a device like an EpiPen.
Still, questions remain. The long-term effectiveness of heparin post-bite has not yet been fully studied, and experts such as Geoff Isbister from the University of Newcastle emphasize that this research didn’t compare heparin directly with traditional antivenoms, which are also highly effective when given quickly.
Until further testing is complete, antivenom remains the standard treatment. However, if someone is bitten by a cobra and medical care is not immediately accessible, administering a small dose of heparin (if available and no known allergy exists) may provide temporary protection against rapid tissue damage. This does not replace medical treatment but could buy crucial time until professional care is available. Always seek emergency help after a snakebite, but this research offers hope for improved outcomes and a new use for a familiar drug.